GH-48864: [C++] Support customizing more Zstd parameters #48865

HuaHuaY · 2026-01-15T12:52:53Z

Rationale for this change

Support customizing more Zstd parameters to allow users to optimize the performance of parquet page compression/decompression.

What changes are included in this PR?

Add a new class ZstdCodecOptions inherited from CodecOptions.
Create ZSTD_CCtx/ZSTD_DCtx explicitly in ZSTDCodec.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes. The new class ZstdCodecOptions is added.

GitHub Issue: [C++] Support customizing more Zstd parameters #48864

github-actions · 2026-01-15T12:53:19Z

⚠️ GitHub issue #48864 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

HuaHuaY · 2026-01-15T12:55:37Z

@pitrou @wgtmac @mapleFU Please take a look. This PR only uses context and does not reuse it. I create a new context every time I call Compress and Decompress methods. I guess this is the same behavior as before.

pitrou

Thank you @HuaHuaY . This can be a useful improvement, I've made a bunch of comments below.

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression.h

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_zstd.cc

cpp/src/parquet/column_writer_test.cc

cpp/src/parquet/properties_test.cc

HuaHuaY · 2026-01-15T16:23:55Z

@pitrou Thank you for your detailed review! I've fixed these comments. Please take a look again.

pitrou

This looks mostly good! Just a few nits.

pitrou · 2026-01-15T16:26:22Z

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc

-                                                {5, GZipFormat::DEFLATE, -12, false},
-                                                {-992, GZipFormat::GZIP, 15, false}};
-
+template <std::derived_from<arrow::util::CodecOptions> T>


Neat, a concept 😀

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc

pitrou · 2026-01-15T16:31:10Z

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_zstd.cc

+    ARROW_ASSIGN_OR_RAISE(auto cctx, CreateCCtx());
+    size_t ret = ZSTD_compressCCtx(cctx.get(), output_buffer,
+                                   static_cast<size_t>(output_buffer_len), input,
+                                   static_cast<size_t>(input_len), compression_level_);


Funny that the compression level is passed a second time here, after we already gave it to ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter. I suppose it doesn't matter?

Context will also be passed to ZSTDCompressor and it needs compression_level_. We can move auto ret = ZSTD_CCtx_setParameter(cctx.get(), ZSTD_c_compressionLevel, compression_level_) to MakeCompressor though I think the readability will decrease a bit.

After I check the Zstd's document again, I think there is a mistake here. We need to use ZSTD_compress2 instead of ZSTD_compressCCtx because ZSTD_compressCCtx will reset other parameters. Thank you for your good attention!

/*! ZSTD_compressCCtx() : * Same as ZSTD_compress(), using an explicit ZSTD_CCtx. * Important : in order to mirror `ZSTD_compress()` behavior, * this function compresses at the requested compression level, * __ignoring any other advanced parameter__ . * If any advanced parameter was set using the advanced API, * they will all be reset. Only @compressionLevel remains. */ ZSTDLIB_API size_t ZSTD_compressCCtx(ZSTD_CCtx* cctx, void* dst, size_t dstCapacity, const void* src, size_t srcSize, int compressionLevel); /*! ZSTD_compress2() : * Behave the same as ZSTD_compressCCtx(), but compression parameters are set using the advanced API. * (note that this entry point doesn't even expose a compression level parameter). * ZSTD_compress2() always starts a new frame. * Should cctx hold data from a previously unfinished frame, everything about it is forgotten. * - Compression parameters are pushed into CCtx before starting compression, using ZSTD_CCtx_set*() * - The function is always blocking, returns when compression is completed. * NOTE: Providing `dstCapacity >= ZSTD_compressBound(srcSize)` guarantees that zstd will have * enough space to successfully compress the data, though it is possible it fails for other reasons. * @return : compressed size written into `dst` (<= `dstCapacity), * or an error code if it fails (which can be tested using ZSTD_isError()). */ ZSTDLIB_API size_t ZSTD_compress2( ZSTD_CCtx* cctx, void* dst, size_t dstCapacity, const void* src, size_t srcSize);

I have added a new test TEST(TestCodecMisc, ZstdLargerWindowLog) to ensure the other parameters work effectively.

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_zstd.cc

wgtmac

Looks good to me (I haven't gone through the test). Just left some minor comments.

wgtmac · 2026-01-16T08:14:40Z

cpp/src/parquet/properties_test.cc

 }

 TEST(TestWriterProperties, SetCodecOptions) {
+  constexpr int ZSTD_c_windowLog = 101;


Should we use kZstdCWindowLog to be consistent with this code base?

I suggest to keep the name style of zstd. Because I think it is more readable, although it is inconsistent with our coding style.

I agree we can just keep this in the tests.

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression.h

HuaHuaY · 2026-01-19T09:56:10Z

@pitrou @mapleFU Do you have any suggestions? Please take a look again.

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_zstd.cc

pitrou · 2026-01-19T14:07:44Z

cpp/src/parquet/properties_test.cc

 }

 TEST(TestWriterProperties, SetCodecOptions) {
+  constexpr int ZSTD_c_windowLog = 101;


I agree we can just keep this in the tests.

cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_zstd.cc

mapleFU

General LGTM

pitrou

+1, thank you @HuaHuaY . I'll rebase for CI.

pitrou · 2026-01-21T10:34:40Z

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp

github-actions · 2026-01-21T10:38:45Z

Revision: 2af1945

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-512d34afcc

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-debian-12-cpp-amd64
test-debian-12-cpp-i386
test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15
test-fedora-42-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-20
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer

pitrou · 2026-01-21T11:15:29Z

@HuaHuaY The new tests need to be skipped if zstd is not available:
https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/actions/runs/21206351575/job/61003673870#step:6:8214


[ RUN      ] TestCodecMisc.SpecifyCodecOptionsZstd
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc:458: Skipped
Support for this codec hasn't been built

[  SKIPPED ] TestCodecMisc.SpecifyCodecOptionsZstd (0 ms)
[ RUN      ] TestCodecMisc.ZstdLargerWindowLog
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc:549: Failure
Failed
'_error_or_value49.status()' failed with NotImplemented: Support for codec 'zstd' not built

[  FAILED  ] TestCodecMisc.ZstdLargerWindowLog (219 ms)
[ RUN      ] TestCodecMisc.ZstdStreamLargerWindowLog
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc:567: Failure
Failed
'_error_or_value51.status()' failed with NotImplemented: Support for codec 'zstd' not built

[  FAILED  ] TestCodecMisc.ZstdStreamLargerWindowLog (283 ms)

HuaHuaY · 2026-01-21T11:57:39Z

@HuaHuaY The new tests need to be skipped if zstd is not available: https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/actions/runs/21206351575/job/61003673870#step:6:8214


[ RUN      ] TestCodecMisc.SpecifyCodecOptionsZstd
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc:458: Skipped
Support for this codec hasn't been built

[  SKIPPED ] TestCodecMisc.SpecifyCodecOptionsZstd (0 ms)
[ RUN      ] TestCodecMisc.ZstdLargerWindowLog
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc:549: Failure
Failed
'_error_or_value49.status()' failed with NotImplemented: Support for codec 'zstd' not built

[  FAILED  ] TestCodecMisc.ZstdLargerWindowLog (219 ms)
[ RUN      ] TestCodecMisc.ZstdStreamLargerWindowLog
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/util/compression_test.cc:567: Failure
Failed
'_error_or_value51.status()' failed with NotImplemented: Support for codec 'zstd' not built

[  FAILED  ] TestCodecMisc.ZstdStreamLargerWindowLog (283 ms)

My mistake. I have added an if statement to skip the tests. @pitrou

pitrou · 2026-01-21T12:00:10Z

@github-actions crossbow submit cppminimal*

github-actions · 2026-01-21T12:02:25Z

Revision: a6b30fd

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-3fe0b907c4

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats

HuaHuaY · 2026-01-21T12:06:19Z

Sorry that I have refactored a little code. Could you help me take a look and approve this PR again? @pitrou

pitrou · 2026-01-21T12:11:09Z

@github-actions crossbow submit cppminimal*

github-actions · 2026-01-21T12:13:26Z

Revision: d5c8568

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-c4d50b6264

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats

pitrou · 2026-01-21T13:36:12Z

Thanks again @HuaHuaY !

conbench-apache-arrow · 2026-01-21T19:07:26Z

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 3ed9169.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 4 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.

HuaHuaY requested a review from wgtmac as a code owner January 15, 2026 12:52

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pitrou force-pushed the fix_issue_48864 branch from 4dd93e4 to 2af1945 Compare January 21, 2026 10:34

HuaHuaY added 2 commits January 21, 2026 19:54

support customizing more Zstd parameters

747e123

address comments

28a3998

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fix tests without zstd

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pitrou merged commit 3ed9169 into apache:main Jan 21, 2026
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[C++] Support customizing more Zstd parameters #48864

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HuaHuaY deleted the fix_issue_48864 branch January 21, 2026 14:16

GH-48864: [C++] Support customizing more Zstd parameters #48865

GH-48864: [C++] Support customizing more Zstd parameters #48865

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